ARST 556d: Archives and the web -- COURSE SYLLABUS

Course Goal:This course aims to provide knowledge of the role and potential of the Web in archival work. The Web will be analysed as a source of information and knowledge for archivists, and as a medium for: communicating information on archival institutions, programs and services; making finding aids and archival descriptive systems available to the users; providing online access to digital and/or digitized records and documents; and promoting among the general public a broad awareness of the importance of archives in contemporary societies. Through lectures, presentations on specific topics and analysis of archival web sites, students will gain insight into relevant issues arising from the nature and characteristics of the Web, and will learn how to make correct and fruitful use of the Web in archival work.

The knowledge acquired in this course complements the knowledge obtained in other courses, specifically, ARST 500-Information Technology & Archives /LIBR 500-Foundations of Information Technology, ARST 510-Archival Diplomatics, ARST 515-Arrangement and Description of Archival Documents, ARST 516-Management of Current Records, ARST 520-Selection and Acquisition of Archival Documents, ARST 540-Archival Public Services, ARST 573-Archival Systems and the Profession

Course Objectives:

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

• Discuss the role and the potential of the Web in archival work.
• Analyze and evaluate archival web sites.
• Analyze and evaluate online archival digitization projects.
• Make a correct and fruitful use of the Web as a medium for interacting with archival users and the general public.
• Make use of the Web as a source of information and knowledge for archivists.
• Discuss and demonstrate understanding of the course topics listed below.

Course Topics:

• Internet and the WWW: challenges and potential for archives .
• Hypertext: what’s new for archives?
• On-line archival descriptive systems and finding aids.
• Searching for archival information on the Web.
• Strategies for on-line digitization projects.
• Users’ point of view and practices.
• Archives, libraries and museums interoperability
• Archival and Cultural Heritage Web Site standards.
• New frontiers: Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web.
• Long –term preservation of Archival web sites.

Prerequisites:

• ARST 500/LIBR 500, ARST 510, ARST 515, ARST 516, ARST 520, ARST 540, ARST 573
• All students must have a valid SLAIS Lab account including FTP privileges see: http://www.slais.ubc.ca/RESOURCES/itlab/WS_FTP.htm
• All students must meet the required minimum computer and IT competencies for students entering SLAIS as per school policy see” http://www.slais.ubc.ca/RESOURCES/itlab/rec-competencies.htmhttp://www.slais.ubc.ca/RESOURCES/itlab/rec-competencies.htm

Format of the course: The course meets for three hours each week. The format of the course consists of: Lectures, class discussions, in-class activities, student presentations, guest-speaker presentations.

Required and Recommended Reading (R=required):
NOTE: Most readings are available either online or in electronic format through the UBC Library. Copies of the required readings that exist in hardcopy only will be made available to students at the beginning of the course. Additional readings may be assigned throughout the term. Handouts will be provided on a class-by-class basis. Web sites related to the topics discussed will be indicated and presented during the course.

• Sterling, Bruce. “A Brief History of the Internet”, available at http://www.hydrapoetics.com/sterling_bruce.txt
• Vallee, Jacques, The heart of the Internet : an insider's view of the origin and promise of the on-line revolution, Charlottesville , VA : Hampton Roads Pub. Co. , 2003 (readable on Google books);
• R Rosenzweig, Roy. “Wizards, Bureaucrats, Warriors & Hackers: Writing the History of the Internet”, American Historical Review 103, 5 (December 1998): 1530-52, also available at http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/wizards.php;
• R Castells, Manuel. The Internet Galaxy. Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society, Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2001 (Chapters 1 and 2);
• Stefik, Mark (ed.). Internet Dreams: Archetypes, Myths, and Metaphors . Cambridge , MA : MIT Press, 1996 (Part I: The digital Library Metaphor: The I-Way as Publishing and Community Memory);
• Gillies, James and Caillau, Robert, How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2000
• Mary E., Jackson , Kahle, Brewster, Prelinger, Rick “Public Access to Digital Material“, D-Lib Magazine, 7 (2001) 10, available at http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/kahle/10kahle.html
• R Smith, E. Hallam, “Lost in Cyberspace: Have Archives a Future?” Paper delivered at the Australian Society of Archivists Conference, Melbourne , 19 August 2000 , available at http://www.archivists.org.au/sem/conf2000/hallamsmith.pdf
• R Cox, Richard J, “Access in the Digital Information Age and the Archival Mission : the United States ”, Journal of the Society of Archivists, 19 (1998): 25-40;
• Landis William, “Achival Outreach on the world wide web”, Archival Issues, 20 (1995): 129-147;
• Davidson Jenni and McRostie, Donna, “Webbed feet: navigating the net”, Archives and Manuscripts , 24 (1996): 330-351

• Christopher Keep, Tim McLaughlin, Robin Parmar The Electronic Labyrinth, 1993-2000, website: http://elab.eserver.org/elab.html;
• Bush, Vannevar “As We May Think”, The Atlantic Monthly, July 1945, available at http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194507/bush;
• Bolter, J. D., Writing space, The Computer, Hypertext and the History of Writing. Hillsdale-London : Erlabaum, 2001, 2nd ed. (Chapter 2 and 3)
• R Landow, G. P., Hypertext 3.0 : critical theory and new media in an Era of Globalization, Baltimore : The Jonhs Hopkins University Press . 1997, (Chapter 1 and 3) (Table of content available at: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip059/2005007788.html;
• R DeRose, S. J. “Navigation, Access, and Control Using Structured Information”, The American Archivist, 60 (1997): 298-309;
• R Piche, Jean-Stephen, “Doing What's Possible With What We've Got: Using the World Wide Web to Integrate Archival Functions”, The American Archivist, 61 (1998)
• R Gavan, McCarthy, “The Structuring of Context: New Possibilities in an XML Enabled World Wide Web, “Journal of the Association for History and Computing, III (2000),: available at http://mcel.pacificu.edu/JAHC/JAHCIII1/ARTICLES/McCarthy/index.html

• R Pitti, Daniel V. “ Technology and the Transformation of Archival Description ”, Journal of Archival Organization, 3 (2005) 9 – 22 (available in electronic format through the UBC Library web site) ;
• R Sander, Oliver “Online Finding Aids with BASYS-Fox in the Bundesarchiv, Germany ”, Journal of Archival Organization, 3 (2005): 97 – 110 (available in electronic format through the UBC Library web site);
• R Goulet, Anne; Maftei, Nicolas, “Giving Structure to Legacy Finding Aids Before Conversion to EAD The Case of the Archives Departementales des Pyrenees-Atlantiques, France ”, Journal of Archival Organization, 3 (2005) : 39 – 53 (available in electronic format through the UBC Library web site);
• R Duff, Wendy and Pitti, Daniel V. Encoded Archival Description on the Internet. Binghamton , N.Y. : Haworth Information Press, 2001. 241 pp (a selection of articles will be indicated later as required readings)
• R Vitali, Stefano, “What are the Boundaries of Archival Context? The SIASFI Project and the Online Guide to the Florence State Archives, Italy ”, Journal of Archival Organization, 3 (2005) : 243-256. (available in electronic format through the UBC Library web site)
• R Savoja M., Vitali S., “ Authority Control for Creators in Italy : Theory and Practice”, to be published in Journal of Archival Organization , 5 (2007);
• R Sargent, Dick, Garmendia, Jone, Stockting Bill and Craven, Louise “An introduction to some archival descriptive applications at the National Archives in the United Kingdom ”, Archivi & Computer, 14 (2004): 35-45;
• Hill, Amanda; Stockting, Bill, Higgins, Sarah, Different Strokes for Different Folks Presenting EAD in Three UK Online Catalogues ”, Journal of Archival Organization, 3 (2005) 183 – 206;
• Yakel, Elisabeth, “Impact of Internet-Based Discovery Tools on Use and Users of Archives”, Comma, 2003, 2-3: 191- 200;
• Roth, James M. “Serving Up EAD: An Exploratory Study on the Deployment and Utilization of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Finding Aids”, The American Archivist, 64 (2001):
• Flynn, Sarah J. A., Hillyard Matthew, Stockting Bill, A2A: the development of a strand in the national archives network, Journal of the Society of Archivists , 22 (2001): 177-191.

• R Liddy, Elizabeth , “How a Search Engine Works”, Searcher, 9 (2001) : 38-45, also available at http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/may01/liddy.htm .
• R Brin, Sergey, Page, Lawrence The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine, available at http://www-db.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html
• R Bradley , Phil “ Search Engines”, Ariadne, 24, June 2000, available at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue24/;
• R Brooks, Terrence A., ”Web search: how the Web has changed information retrieval”, Information Research, 8, (2003), available at http://informationr.net/ir/8-3/paper154.html ;
• Lesk, Michael “The Seven Ages of Information Retrieval” available at http://www.lesk.com/mlesk/ages/ages.html
• Brooks, Terrence A., Where is Meaning When Form is Gone? Knowledge Representation on the Web, Information Research, 6 (2001) 2, available at http://informationr.net/ir/6-2/paper93.html
• R Toms, Elaine G. “Serendipitous Information Retrieval”, in Proceedings of the First DELOS Network of Excellence Workshop on "Information Seeking, Searching and Querying in Digital Libraries" , Zurich , 11-12 Dicembre 2000, available http://www.ercim.org/publication/ws-proceedings/DelNoe01/3_Toms.pdf
• R Tibbo, Helen R. and I. Meho, Lokman . “Finding Finding Aids on the World Wide Web”, The American Archivist 64 (2001) 61-77;
• R K. Feeney, “Retrieval of Archival Finding Aids Using Worls-Wide-Web Search Engines”, The American Archivist, 62, (1999): 206-228.
• Cohen, Daniel J., “From Babel to Knowledge: Data Mining Large Digital Collections”, D-Lib Magazine, 12, (2006) 3, available at http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march06/cohen/03cohen.html;
• Lagoze, Carl, “From Static to Dynamic Surrogates: Resource Discovery in the Digital Age” D-Lib Magazine, 3, (1997), 6, available at http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june97/06lagoze.html
• R Dow, Elizabeth H. with Chesnutt, David R., Underwood, William E., Tibbo, Helen R., Kline, Mary-Jo and Bickford, Charlene N. “ The Burlington Agenda: Research Issues in Intellectual Access to Electronically Published Historical Documents”, The American Archivist, 64 (2001) : 292- 307
• DigiCULT., Thematic Issue 6: Resource Discovery Technologies for the Heritage Sector , June 2004, available at http://www.digicult.info/downloads/digicult_thematic_issue_6_lores.pdf

• Reid Gordon, “A Digital Exhibition: the Powys Digital History Project, 1996-2001”, Journal of the Society of Archivists, 22 (2001) : 161-176;
• R Moss Michael and Currall James, “Digitization: taking stock”, Journal of the Society of Archivists, 25 (2004): 123-137;
• R Withers Charles W. J. and Grout, Andrew, “Authority in Space:? Creating a Digital Web-based Map Archive, Archivaria, 61 (2006) : 27- 46;
• Ross, Seamus “Strategies for Selecting Resources for digitization: Source-Orientated, User-Driven, Asset- Aware model (SOUDAAM)”, in Making Information Available in Digital Format: Perspectives from. T. Coppock (ed.), Edinburgh : The Stationery Office, 1999,
• R Krug, E. “ Canada ’s Digital Collections: Sharing the Canadian Identity on the Internet” , The Archivist. Magazine of the National Archives of Canada, 119, April 2000, available at http://www.collectionscanada.ca/publications/002/015002-2170-e.html;
• R Thaller, Manfred From the Digitized to the Digital Library, in “D-Lib magazine”, VII (2001), 2, available at http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february01/thaller/02thaller.html
• R Withers, Charles W.J. and Grout, Andrew. “Authority in Space?: Creating a Digital Web-based Map Archive”, Archivaria 61 (2006): 27-46;
• R Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute and the National Initiative for a Networked Cultural Heritage, The NINCH Guide to Good Practice in the Digital Representation and Management of Cultural Heritage Materials (2002-2003), available at http://www.ninch.org/guide.pdf;
• R Ayers, Edward L., History in Hypertext, ã 1999, available at http://www.iath.virginia.edu/vcdh/Ayers.OAH.html;
• R Rosenzweig, Roy , “The Road to Xanadu: Public and Private Pathways on the History Web”, The Journal of American History, 88 (2001-2002) : 548-579, available also at http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/88.2/rosenzweig.html;
• R Hasted, R. “ Social Inclusion at The National Archives”, in History in British Education (first conference), 14-15 February 2005, available at http://www.history.ac.uk/education/conference/hasted.html.

• R Jörn Sieglerschmidt, “Convergence of Internet services in the cultural heritage sector – the long way to common vocabularies, metadata formats, ontologies”, available at http://titan.bsz-bw.de/cms/service/museen/publ/goete12vhjs.pdf
• R Tony Gill, “Building semantic bridges between museums, libraries and archives: The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model”, First Monday, 9 (2004), 5, available at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_5/gill/index.html
• R Vitali, Stefano, “The science of context: sharing knowledge among archives, libraries and museums descriptive systems” to be published in Proceedings of the international conference Cultural Heritage on-line. The challenge of accessibility and preservation”, Florence , Itali, 14-15 December 2006;
• Gill, Tony and Miller, Paul “Re-inventing the Wheel? Standards, Interoperability and Digital Cultural Content”, D-Lib Magazine, 8 (2002), 1
• Crofts, Nick Doerr, Martin and Gill, Tony “The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model A Standard for Communicating Cultural Contents” Cultivate Interactive , 9, 7 February 2003: available at http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue9/chios/
• R Miller, P., "Interoperability. What is it and Why Should I Want it?", Ariadne 24, June 2000, available at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue24/interoperability/ ;
• Turner, Chris, Cornucopia: “An open collection description service”, Ariadne , 40, July 2004, available at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue40/turner/ ;
• Mai Chan, Lois and Lei Zeng, Marcia “Metadata Interoperability and Standardization – A Study of Methodology- Part I: Achieving Interoperability at the Schema Level”, D-Lib Magazine, 12 (2006), 6, available at: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june06/chan/06chan.html ; Part II: Achieving Interoperability at the Record and Repository Levels, 12, D-Lib Magazine, (2006), 6, available at: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june06/zeng/06zeng.html
• Chapman, Ann “Collection-level Description: Joining up the Domains”, Journal of the Society of Archivists, 25 (2004) : 149-155;
• Simovaara, Jyrki; VakkarI, Mikael, “Interoperability potential in the data repositories of archives, libraries and museums”, Archivi & Computer , 14 (2004): 35-45 117-136;
• R Weber, Jutta, “ LEAF. Linking and Exploring Authority Files ” ( 2003 ) in In Proceedings International Conference Authority Control: Definition and International Experiences , Florence 2003, available at http://www.sba.unifi.it/ac/relazioni/weber_eng.pdf.

• R Barlow, Jeffrey “Research Globally, Post Locally: Which Documents Should Be Digitized?” JAHC: Journal of the Association for History and Computing, III, (2000) 2, available at http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/mcel.pacificu.edu/mcel.pacificu.edu/
  JAHC/JAHCIII2/EDITORIAL/Edit.html
• R Warren, Wilson J., “Using the World Wide Web for Primary Source Research in High School History Classes” JAHC: Journal of the Association for History and Computing, II, 2, 1999, available at http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/mcel.pacificu.edu/JAHC/JAHCII2/
  ARTICLESII2/warren/warren.html;
• O’Malley, Michael and Rosenzweig, Roy. “Brave New World or Blind Alley? American History on the World Wide Web,” Journal of American History 84 (1997) : 132-155, also available at http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/bravenewworld.php;
• R Rosenzweig, Roy, " Digital Archives Are a Gift of Wisdom to Be Used Wisely " in Chronicle of higher Education, 51 (2005), page B20, also available on-line http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/32June%202005;
• R O'Hare,S. “Genealogy and History”, Common Place, II (2002), 3, available at http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/cp/vol-02/no-03/ohare/ ;
• R Graham, Suzanne R. “Historians and Electronic Resources: Pattterns and Use”, in Journal of the Association for History and Computing, V (2002), 2: availabale at http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/mcel.pacificu.edu/mcel.pacificu.edu/
  JAHC/JAHCV2/ARTICLES/graham/graham.html
• R Duff, Wendy M. and Cherry, Joan M. “Use of historical documents in a digital world: comparisons with original materials and microfiche” in Information Research, VI (2000), 1: available at <http://www.shef.ac.uk/~is/publications/infres/paper86.htm;
• Cherry, Joan M. and Duff, Wendy M. (2002) Studying digital library users over time: a follow-up survey of Early Canadiana Online. Information Research, 7(2000), 2 available at: http://InformationR.net/ir/paper123.html;
• Duff, Wendy M. and Johnson, Catherine A. “ Where Is the List with All the Names? : Information-Seeking Behavior of Genealogists” The American Archivist , 66 (2003)
• R Hill, Amanda, “Serving the Invisible Researcher: meeting the needs of online users”, Journal of the Society of Archivists, 25 (2004) : 139-148;
• Tibbo Helen R. “ Primarily History in America : How U.S. Historians Search for Primary Materials at the Dawn of the Digital Age”. The American Archivist , 66 (2003) : 9-29.

• Nielsen, J. Design Web Usability, Macmillian Computer Publishing 2000
• Nielsen, Jakob Loranger , Hoa Berkeley, Prioritizing Web usability, Calif. : New Riders, c2006.
• Lack, Rosalie “ The Importance of User-Centered Design: Exploring Findings and Methods”, Journal of Archival Organization , 4 (2006): 69 – 86
• R World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI), available at: http://www.w3.org/WAI/
• R Nielsen, J, “Usability 101: Fundamentals and Definition - What, Why, How” available at http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html
• R MINERVA (MInisterial NEtwoRk for Valorising Activities in digitization) web site: http://www.minervaeurope.org/
• Good Practice Guide for Developers of Cultural Heritage Web Services available at http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/gpg/print-all/

• R Berners-Lee, Tim, Hendler, James, Ora Lassila, “The Semantic Web A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities”, Scientific American, May 2001, available at: http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=00048144-10D2-1C70-84A9809EC588EF21;
• Berners-Lee, Tim. Weaving the Web. The Original Design and the Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web, New York : Harper, 2000 (Chapter 10, 12-14)
• R Anderson, Paul, “What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education”, available a t http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/services/services_techwatch/techwatch/
  techwatch_ic_reports2005_published.aspx
• Miller, Paul “ Web 2.0: Building the New Library” 45, Ariadne October 2005, available at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue45/
• R Van Veen Theo, “Serving Services in Web 20” Ariadne 47 April 2006, available at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue47/vanveen
• Van GarderenPeter, Web 2.0 and Access to Digital Archives, Archiving 2006Ottawa, May 23, 2006 , Volume 3, pp. 24
• O'Reilly, Tim, “What Is Web 2.0. Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software”, available at http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html.

• R Brown , Adrian. Archiving Websites: A Practical Guide for Information Management Professionals London : Facet, 2006 (a selection of chapters will be indicated later as required readings);
• Masanès, Julien (ed.). Web Archiving Berlin ; New York : Springer, 2006
• R Suderman, Jim, “Committing the Web to memory: Transmitting Web based records over the time”, in Il futuro della memoria: la trasmissione del patrimonio culturale nell’era digitale , Torino : CSI Piemonte, 2005
• R Pennock Maureen and Kelly Brian, “Archiving Web Site Resources: A Records Management View”, WWW 2006, May 23–26, 2006 , Edinburgh , Scotland , available at http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/ukoln/staff/m.pennock/publications/docs/wwwpp100-pennock.pdf.

Course Schedule: [coming soon]

Attendance: The calendar states: “Regular attendance is expected of students in all their classes (including lectures, laboratories, tutorials, seminars, etc.). Students who neglect their academic work and assignments may be excluded from the final examinations. Students who are unavoidably absent because of illness or disability should report to their instructors on return to classes.”

The University accommodates students with disabilities who have registered with the Disability Resource Centre. The University accommodates students whose religious obligations conflict with attendance, submitting assignments, or completing scheduled tests and examinations. Please let your instructor know in advance, preferably in the first week of class, if you will require any accommodation on these grounds. Students who plan to be absent for varsity athletics, family obligations, or other similar commitments, cannot assume they will be accommodated, and should discuss their commitments with the instructor before the drop date.

Academic Dishonesty :
Please review the UBC Calendar “Academic Regulations” for the university policy on cheating, plagiarism, and other forms of academic dishonesty (http://www.students.ubc.ca/calendar/index.cfm?tree=3,54,111,959). Plagiarism is taken very seriously at UBC, so please be aware of the relevant policies: http://www.library.ubc.ca/home/plagiarism/welcome.html (this page also provides useful information on avoiding plagiarism and on correct documentation). Always cite your sources and credit the authors whose work or ideas you use.

Spoken and Written Language Skills : Correct grammar and spelling, careful construction of sentences and paragraphs, clarity of expression, respectful use of language, correct citation style, and overall good mastery of the English language are expected at the graduate level. The students should follow the Canadian Oxford Dictionary for spelling and the current edition of The Chicago Manual of Style for writing style (The Chicago Manual of Style, 15 th Edition. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press , 2003; Available for reference at several branches of the UBC Library, call number Z253 .U69 2003). Students who need to improve their writing skills may use the courses and resources of the UBC Writing Centre: http://www.writingcentre.ubc.ca/index.html .

Evaluation
UBC marking policies are followed. All assignments will be awarded numeric grades using the evaluative criteria given on the SLAIS web site at http://www.slais.ubc.ca/RESOURCES/slais-marking.htm. Prior arrangements must be made with the instructor for assignment extensions. Late penalties may be imposed; these will be discussed when extensions are requested.

Course Discussion List :
Each of you must sign-up for the class internet discussion list. From whatever email account you wish to use, send the following [leave the Subject line blank]:

address-- To: majordomo@interchange.ubc.ca
message-- subscribe a-556d
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