Auxiliary Tables

	List concepts which recur throughout several or all subjects, such as time and place, and are therefore applicable in a range of classes
	Used to link two or more numbers—expressing relations of various kinds between two or more subjects
	There are two kinds of auxiliaries:
		independent auxiliaries - may be affixed to any UDC number where appropriate, but may also be used on their own, forming the whole class number for a document (tables 1c-1g)
		For example, if it were decided that the place facet was the only one that needed to be expressed (e.g. in classifying maps), a way of doing this would be to cite the place auxiliary alone, from Table 1e.
		dependent auxiliaries - must always be affixed to a UDC number. The point, hyphen and the asterisk can never occur at the beginning of a number (tables 1h-1k)

Linking signs (1a, 1b)

	Enable combination of numbers from different parts of the tables. For convenience, these are also presented as tables
	Tables 1a and 1b list linking and grouping symbols (the plus +, slash /, the colon :, square brackets [ ] and the double colon ::, and do not contain any numeric tables.

Common auxiliaries (1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1k)

	Applicable throughout the main tables, and represent concepts such as: place, language of the text and physical form of the document, which may occur in almost any subject
	Numerically divided, analogous to the main tables, but distinguished by prefixes or enclosing signs which indicate which characteristic is being enumerated – i.e. facet indicators
	Can be affixed (intercalated) to any part of a UDC number, at the beginning, middle or end (i.e. prefixed, infixed or suffixed, as well as being usable independently) in order to influence the filing order
	Example (410) Great Britain (410)622.23 Britain - coal mining 622(410).33 Mining - Britain - coal 622.33(410) Coal mining - Britain
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Outline of the UDC Common Auxiliaries

Table 1a Coordination + Extension /

Coordination
	extends class numbers (adds more concepts)
	used for non-consecutive numbers
	Ex. 622 + 669 mining and metallurgy Two distinct concepts put together
Extension
	denotes a broad subject and/or a range of concepts
	used for consecutive numbers
	used to describe comprehensive works
	Ex. 592/599 Systematic Zoology (equivalent to 592+593+594+…) used for comprehensive work
	if a number following the slash sign / begins with the same group of digits with the preceding number and consists of more than three digits, it may be abbreviated by omitting the digits common to both:
	Ex. 629.734/.735 denotes 629.734/629.735
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Table 1b Relation :, Subgrouping [], Order Fixing ::

Relation :
	restricts subjects of the class numbers
	: is used to express a wide range of relationships
	first number subject is the main subject, the number following the colon refers to a relationship with the main subject
	Ex. 17:7 Ethics in relation to art.
	Ex. 7:17 Art in relation to ethics
Subgrouping [ ]
	[ ] used for sub-grouping within a complex combination of UDC numbers
	Ex. [662+669]:485 Mining and metallurgy in Sweden
Fixed order ::
	:: fix the order meaning that a sub-ordinate concept may not be interchanged w/ a super-ordinate
	Ex. 77.044:355.4 War photography

Table 1c Common Auxiliaries of Language

	With regards to citation order, the language auxiliary normally comes last
	Ex. 663.4=112.5 Brewing industry – in Flemish
	Multilingual documents may be denoted by =00 or by auxiliaries for the individual languages in ascending numeric order.
	Ex. 53(035)=00 Multilingual handbooks of physics
	Ex. 53(035)=111=112.2=133.1 Handbooks of physics, English/German/French
	Translations are denoted by =03 Source language is denoted by =03.1/.9 and the target language directly by =1/=9.
	Ex. 61=03.161.1=133.1 Medical documents translated from Russian to French.
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Table 1d Common Auxiliaries of Form

	Kinds of form not listed in Table 1d, but represented by a main number in the classification, may be denoted by (0:…)
	Ex. 929(0:82-31) Biography presented in a novel form
	*Literary forms (poetry, plays, fiction, etc.) are classified under 82-1/-9 (because class 82 is for literature)

Table 1e Common auxiliaries of places

Table 1f Common Auxiliaries of Ethnic Grouping and Nationality

	The numbers are derived mainly from Table 1c - Common auxiliaries of Language
	Ex. =111 English language ==> (=111) English speaking peoples
	Ex. 78(=411.16) Jewish music
	Ex. 391.2(=214.58) Costumes of female Romanies

Table 1g Common auxiliaries of time

	Auxiliaries of time denote the date, point of time or range of time of a subject represented by a main UDC number and are expressed in Arabic numerals.
	The dates B.C. and A.D. may be prefixed by + or -
	Ex. “-0055” 55 B.C.
	Ex. “+0043” 43.A.D
	Dates are expressed in years in a four digit format. If the year is followed by 00 the 00s are omitted.
	Ex. “19” 20th century
	Ex.“196” the nineteen sixties
	Ex. 785.7 “18” Chamber music-Nineteenth century
	The basis of date indication is the Christian calendar, but non-Christian systems of time reckoning are also allowed (in “68/69”).
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Table 1h Notation from Non-UDC sources

Table 1k

Dependent Common Subdivisions

	There are four dependent common subdivisions which may only be used as suffixes.
	They are not be used independently or cited first in a compound notation.
	They are always appended to a main number or notation which expresses the subject to be qualified.

-02 Common Auxiliaries of Properties

-03 Common Auxiliaries of Materials

-04 Common Auxiliaries of Relations, Processes and Operations

-05 Persons and Personal Characteristics

Special auxiliaries

	applicable in various limited ranges
	unlike the common auxiliaries, are not all listed in one place (listed only in particular sections of the main tables)
	begin with a hyphen, point or apostrophe
	(.0 is almost always used to introduce special auxiliary subdivisions, but 621.0 and 626.0 are exceptions)
	may be included only if there are instructions to that effect in the main tables (schedules which special auxiliary should be utilized in which instance)
	Example hyphen: 52          >Astronomy. Astrophysics. Space research.Geodesy                   52-1/-8          >>Properties, processes, parts etc.
	point: 53         >Physics 53.01            >>Theory and nature of phenomena 53.02                    >>>General laws of phenomena
	apostrophe: 81         >Linguistics and languages ... 81'0              >>Origins and periods of language ... 81'1                     >>>General linguistics
Point Series .01/.09
	sets and subsets of recurrent concepts such as aspect studies, activities, processes, operations, plant and equipment
	may be used either in the form in which it is shown or detached and added to any direct decimal subdivision of the main number
	Example 531 Mechanics 531.05 Observation and recording of mechanical phenomena 531.5 Gravity... 531.5.05 Observation and recording of gravitational phenomena
	may occur within other series of auxiliaries: they may be used in the form in which they appear, or the special auxiliary element (beginning with .0) may be detached and affixed to any of the direct divisions of (0)
	Example (05) Serial publications. Periodicals (05.035.22) Periodicals on microfilm
	(05.035.22) compound is still a common auxiliary, which may qualify a main number
	Example 5(05.035.22) Science periodicals on microfilm.
Hyphen Series -1/-9 but not -0… because it is used in Table 1k
	indicate elements, components, properties and other details of the subject denoted by the main number to which they apply
	Example 821.161.1-31 Russian 821.161.1 novels -31
	it is possible to combine various forms of special auxiliaries at the same time
	Example 821.161.1-31.09 Criticism .09 of Russian novels
Apostrophe Series ‘0/’9
	denote compound subjects
	sometimes they are fully listed in schedules or derived from main numbers by parallel subdivisions
	Example 329 Political party 329.17’23’12 Nationalist-republican-liberal parties (derived from 329.17, 329.23, 329.12)
	Example 669 Metallurgy 669.35’5’6 Copper-zinc-tin alloys (derived from 669.35, 669.5, 669.6)