Conclusion and Bibliography

Conclusion

Entering into this project we were initially unprepared for the large and extensive history that has made up, what has become, modern cataloguing. Through our examination of both the UDC and the DDC we observed how their creators sought to create a system to better organize knowledge, and to reduce the amount of work required by librarians of their day. They succeeded, and because of their contribution modern cataloguers have a number of options with regards to how they wish to organize and prepare their libraries and catalogues.

We did observe that there were clearly similarities between the two systems and that the UDC emerged from the DDC. While the DDC is used extensively throughout 135 countries and is presented in a number of languages and editions making it very appealing the UDC also, printed in different languages and forms, proved to be better at being extremely exact and more easily applicable to situations outside of just libraries. We also noted that the systems are moving towards possible future collaboration, and work together.

The usefulness of both the UDC and the DDC are undeniable and their impact along with other classification systems like LC and Colon Classification have had a positive effect on humanities' ability to organize information. With the advancement of knowledge and the amount of new data and books being created in the world state of the world these systems have rendered themselves not only invaluable but indispensable.

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Appendix I

Libraries and library OPACs

There are thousands of libraries in the world using UDC for systematic shelf arrangement and information retrieval. In modern on-line public access catalogues (OPAC) UDC can be used for subject browsing and searching. There is great value in being able to scroll through classified sequences in the same way as browsing library shelves.

"Web OPACs do not usually successfully support both browsing and searching of UDC classification and we encourage UDC users to send us the information on their library catalogues." Please e-mail:<i.mcilwaine@ucl.ac.uk>

(410) United Kingdom

(437) Czech Republic

(438) Poland

440) France

(450) Italy

(469) Portugal

(493) Belgium

(494) Switzerland

(497.5) Croatia

(498) Romania

(94) Australia

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(410) United Kingdom :

--Imperial College and Science Museum Libraries (subject arrangement by UDC only) <http://www.imperial.ac.uk/library/>

______________________________________________________________________

(437) Czech Republic:

--The National Library of the Czech Republic <http://omega.nkp.cz:4001/ALEPH/> (browsing by UDC)

______________________________________________________________________

(438) Poland:

--The National Library of Poland Library Catalogue <http://alpha.bn.org.pl/search>

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(440) France:

--Bibliothèque, Service Commun de la Documentation - Universite Lyon <http://scdinf.univ-lyon2.fr/PlanBU.htm> (UDC collection arrangement)

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(450) Italy:

--ACNP -Catalogo italiano dei periodici <http://acnp.cib.unibo.it/>

--UDC search tool available to be used with ACNP: <http://mail.biocfarm.unibo.it/~spinelli/cdu/>

--Inter Library Center, Bologna University: <http://acnp.cib.unibo.it/cgi-ser/start/en/cnr/fp/html>

--SBN - Servizio bibliotecario nazionale: <http://sbnonline.sbn.it/zgw/>

--Check OPAC advanced search: <http://sbnonline.sbn.it/cgi-bin/zgw/Form.pl>

--The Abdus Salam - International Centre for Theoretical Physics Library <http://library.ictp.trieste.it/DBENGINE/bwbcat/SF>

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(460) Portugal:

--National Bibliographic Database - PORBASE <http://sirius.bn.pt/sirius/sirius.exe>

--Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Biblioteca de Arte <http://www1.gulbenkian.pt/> provides browsing of UDC numbers, search interface in Portuguese and English

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(493) Belgium :

--Universiteitsbibliotheek K.U.Leuven <http://www.bib.kuleuven.ac.be/index.html>

--This library uses UDC for shelf arrangement and book indexing. OPAC enables searching on natural language terms and UDC codes. For more explanations about how to search by subject in the OPAC see <http://www.bib.kuleuven.ac.be/zoektips/zoekeninLIBIS.html> (Dutch only).

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(494) Switzerland:

--Bibliothèque nationale suisse <http://www.coris.ch/newbns/Francais/saisie.asp>

--Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in Zürich <http://www.nebis.ch/WebOPAC.html> -

--Provides natural language terms search in German, French, Italian and English Linked to UDC class numbers. Supports search and browsing.

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(497.5) Croatia:

Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Library

-- searching via UDC authority file <http://161.53.55.45/start7.htm>

-- advanced search OPAC interface: <http://161.53.55.45/start0.htm>

--Zagreb City Library (Knjiznice grada Zagreba) <http://opac.kgz.hr/kgz>

-- Supports browsing and searching of UDC numbers ( both in call numbers and systematic catalogue). Allows for Booleans search to combine any field (e.g. subject headings) with truncated UDC numbers. Shelf browsing contains UDC captions as well as numbers. Search interface in Croatian only.

_____________________________________________________________

(498) Romania:

--Central University Libarary in Bucharest <http://www.bcub.ro/index.html>

--Online catalogue: <http://www.bcub.ro/acces_online.html>

--Search using UDC numbers and descriptors.

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(94) Australia:

--National Acoustic Laboratories Library <http://library.hearing.com.au> Supports browsing and searching of UDC numbers (in advanced search).

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Appendix II

Bibliography

UDC

General

Byford, John, Keith V. Trickey and Susi Woodhouse. AACR, DDC, _____MARC and Friends: the Role of CIG in Bibliographic Control. _____London: Library Association Publishing, 1993.

Davinson, Donald Edward. Bibliographic Control. London : Bingley, 1981.

International Cataloguing & Bibliographic Control. ICBC.Vol. 17, no. 1 _____(Jan./Mar. 1988).

IFLA International Office for UBC. Manual on Bibliographic Control. _____Compiled by the IFLA International Office for UBC [for the] _____General Information Programme and UNISIST. Paris : United _____Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1983.

Jolley, L. The Principles of Cataloguing. New York: Philosophical _____Library, 1961.

Rowland, Arthur Ray. The Catalog and Cataloging. Hamden, Conn.: _____Shoe String Press, 1969.

Wynar, B.S. Introduction to Cataloguing and Classification. 8th ed. _____Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1992.

UDC Specific Articles

A Bibliographical Survey of UDC Editions (FID 573). The Hague: _____Federation Internationale de Documentation (FID), 1982.

Buxton, A. “Computer Searching of UDC Numbers.” Journal of _____Documentation. 46 (3), 1990, 193-217.

Chatterjee , Amitabha and Gobinda Gopal Choudhury. “UDC: _____International Medium Edition - English Text. A Critical Appraisal." _____International Classification. 13, No. 3, 1986137-141.

FID. Management Board. Task Force on UDC System Development. _____Report of the Taskforce on UDC System Development. Chairman I. _____C. McIlwaine, Presented to the UDC Management Board of FID, _____March 1991. The Hague: FID, 1991 Unpublished Report.

FID Classification Symposium. General Classification Systems in a _____Changing world: UDC and the Dewey Centenary. Proceedings of _____the FID Classification Symposium held in Commemoration of the _____Dewey Centenary, Brussels, November 1976 (FID 561), The _____Hague: FID, 1978.

Freeman, R. "The management of a classification scheme: modern _____approaches exemplified by the UDC Project of the American _____Institute of Physics", Journal of Documentation, 23, 1967, _____304-320.

Freeman, R. and P. Atherton. Final Report of the Research Project for _____the Evaluation of the Universal Decimal Classification as the _____Indexing Language for a Mechanized Reference Retrieval System. _____American Institute of Physics UDC project Rep. No. AIP/UDC-9. _____New York: AIP, 1968.

Mills, Jack. Guide to the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC); (BS _____1000C:1963), London: British Standards Institution, 1963.

Kyle, B. "The Universal Decimal Classification: A Study of the Present Position _____and Future Developments, with Particular Reference to those Schedules _____which Deal with the Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences.", UNESCO _____Bulletin for Libraries, 15, 1961, 53-69.

Mcllwaine, I. C.. "The Universal Decimal Classification: Some Factors _____Concerning its Origins, Development, and Influence." JASIS, 48 (4), _____1997, 331-339.

___________ “UDC as a Standard for Subject Control.” In: _____McIlwaine, I.C., (ed.), Standards for the Exchange of Bibliographic _____Information: Papers Presented at Course Held at University _____College, London, 3-18 August 1990. London: Library Association, _____1991.

___________ Guide to the use of the UDC. FID Occasional Paper 5. The _____Hague: International Federation for Information and _____Documentation (FID).1993.

___________ "UDC Centenary: the present state and future prospects." _____Knowledge Organization, 22 (2), 1995a, 64-69.

___________ "Preparing Traditional Classification for the Future: _____Universal Decimal Classification." In: New Roles for _____Classification in Libraries and Information Networks: Reports from _____the Thirty-Sixth Allerton Institute. Cataloging and Classification _____Quarterly, 21 (2) 1995, 49-58.

___________ and A. Buxton. Guide to the Use of UDC: An Introductory _____Guide to the Use and Application of the Universal Decimal _____Classification, Rev. ed. FID Occasional Paper 5. The Hague: _____International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) 1995.

Molgaard-Hansen, R., & Rigby, M. (eds.) Seminar on UDC in a _____Mechanized Information Retrieval system, Copenhagen, 2-6 _____September, 1968: Proceedings (FID/CR Rep. No. 9), _____Copenhagen: Danish Centre for Documentation, 1969.

________________ & Westring-Nielsen, M. (eds.) Seminar on UDC _____and Mechanized Information Systems, Frankfurt, 1-5 June, 1970: _____Proceedings (FID/CR Rep. No. 11), Copenhagen: Danish Centre for _____Documentation, 1971.

Rayward, W. B. The Universe of information: the Work of Paul Otlet for _____Documentation and International Organisation. (FID 520). _____Moscow: VINITI., 1978.

Rigby, M. Automation and the UDC 1948-80, 2nd ed. (FID 565), The _____Hague: FID, 1981.

Robinson, Geoffrey. “Abridging the UDC: the Compiling of the Pocket Edition.” _____Knowledge Organization, 26(3), 1999, 149-156.

Strachan, P. D., and Oomes, F. M. H. "Universal Decimal Classification _____Update." Cataloging and Classification Quarterly, 19(3/4) 1995, _____119-131.

Vickery, B. C. "The UDC and Technical Information Indexing." _____UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries, 15, 1961, 126-138, 147.

Monographs

Universal Decimal Classification: International Medium Edition English Text. _____Part 1. Systematic Tables. FID Publication No. 571 British Standards _____Institution, 1985.

Universal Decimal Classification: International Medium Edition English Text. _____Part 2. Alphabetical Subject Index. FID Publication No. 571 British _____Standards Institution, 1988.

Foskett, A.C. The Subject Approach to Information. London: Linnet _____Books, 1982.

___________ The Universal Decimal Classification: The History, Present _____Status and Future Prospects of a Large General Classification _____Scheme. London: Bingley, 1973.

General Classification Systems in a Changing World. Proceedings of the _____FID Classification Symposium Held in Commemoration of the _____Dewey Centenary Brussels, November 1976. FID 561. The Hague: _____Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID), 1978.

Gilchrist, Alan & Strachan, David. Eds. The UDC: Essays for a New _____Decade. London: Aslib. 1990.

International Federation for Documentation. Key to Information. _____Universal Decimal Classification. The Hague, Netherlands: FID _____Publ. 466, 1970.

International Federation for Documentation. Computers and the UDC. The _____Hague, Netherlands: FID Publ. 523, 1974.

International Federation for Documentation. Principles of the Universal _____Decimal Classification (UDC). The Hague, Netherlands: FID Publ. _____598, 1981.

Perreault, J.M. Towards a Theory for the UDC. Hamden, CN: Archon _____Books. 1969.

__________ An Introduction to UDC. Hamden, CN: Archon Books. _____1970.

Wellisch, Hans. The Universal Decimal Classification: A Programmed _____Instruction Course. College Park, MD: University of Maryland _____Press, 1970.

DDC

General

Chan, Lois Mai, John P. Comaroni, Joan S. Mitchell, and Mohinder P. Satija. _____Dewey Decimal Classification: A Practical Guide. Albany, New York: _____Forest Press, 1996.

Melvil Dewey, DDC 21: Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative _____Index, vol. 1-4, ed. Joan S. Mitchell, Julianne Beall, Winton E. _____Matthews, Gregory R. New, Albany, New York: Forest Press, _____1996), xxxiii.

____________. "Decimal Classification Beginnings." Library Journal 45 (15 _____February 1920): 151-4.

Edwards, Wendy. "Australian Literature: Structure of Headings in _____ASCIS and Treatment in Dewey Decimal Classification." _____Cataloguing Australia 13, no. 2 (July 1987): 7-15.

Elliot, Anna. "Melvil Dewey: A Singular and Contentious Life." Wilson Library _____Bulletin 55, no. 9 (May 1981): 666-671.

Graziano, Eugene E. "Hegel's Philosophy as Basis for the Dewey _____Classification Schedule." Libri 9, no 1. (1959): 45-52.

Leidecker, Kurt F. "The Debt of Melvil Dewey to William Torrey _____Harris." Library Quarterly 15 (April 1945): 135.

McKinlay, John. "Working with Dewey: Library Association of _____Australia's Dewey Decimal Classification Liason Committee, June 1974 - _____August 1979." Cataloguing Australia 5, no. 2 (April - June 1979): _____43-47.

Scott, Mona L. Dewey Decimal Classification, 21^st Edition: A Study Manual _____and Number Building Guide. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, _____1998.

Sweeney, Russell. “The International Use of the Dewey Decimal _____Classification.” International Cataloguing and Bibliographic _____Control 24 (October/December 1995): 61-64.

Weigand, Wayne A. "The 'Amherst Method': The Origins of the Dewey _____Decimal Classification Scheme." Libraries & Culture 33, no 2. (Spring _____1998): 175 - 192.